NPTEL Artificial Intelligence: Knowledge Representation And Reasoning Week 12 Assignment Answers 2025

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NPTEL Artificial Intelligence: Knowledge Representation And Reasoning Week 12 Assignment Answers 2025

1. Identify the true statements in our everyday world.

  • Some men are mortal.
  • All rectangles are quadrilaterals.
  • All sea creatures are fishes.
  • All fishes can swim.
  • When it rains it pours.
  • All roses are red.
Answer :- For Answers Click Here

2. When one says “birds fly” the intended (logical) meaning is ____________ .

  • all birds fly, without exception
  • all birds fly, but there may be exceptions
  • if X is a bird it may be reasonable to conclude that X can fly
  • none of the above
Answer :-

3. If the statements ∀x(Politician(x) ⊃ Honest(x)) and Politician(someName) are in a KB then adding ¬Honest(someName) to the KB will __ .

  • not make any difference
  • have no model
  • will make the KB inconsistent
  • be consistent if one chooses a proper interpretation of the FOL being used
Answer :-

4. What is Closed-World Assumption?

  • Unless an atomic sentence is known to be true, it is assumed to be false.
  • Unless an atomic sentence is known to be false, it is assumed to be true.
  • The KB is fixed and cannot be expanded by entailments.
  • None of the above.
Answer :-

5. Given a consistent knowledge base (KB) composed of single sentence (p∨q), and the augmented knowledge base (KB+) __ .

  • under GCWA, KB+ is always consistent
  • under CWA, KB+ is always consistent
  • under CWA, KB+ is { (p∨q),ㄱp, ㄱq }
  • GCWA is a stronger version of the CWA
  • GCWA agrees with CWA in the absence of disjunctions
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6. We have the following default theory < F , D > where

F = { Egg-layer(tweety), Egg-layer(syd), Female(tweety), Female(syd), ¬Bird(syd) }
D = { (Egg-layer(x) ==> Bird(x)) }

What are the possible extensions?

  • { Egg-layer(tweety), Egg-layer(syd), Female(tweety), Female(syd), ¬Bird(syd) }
  • { Egg-layer(tweety), Egg-layer(syd), ¬Bird(syd), Female(tweety), Female(syd), Bird(tweety) }
  • { Egg-layer(tweety), Egg-layer(syd), Bird(tweety), Female(tweety), Female(syd) }
  • None of the above.
Answer :-

7. What are the stable sets for the default theory in the previous question?

  • F ∪ { Bird(syd) }
  • F ∪ { Bird(syd), Bird(tweety) }
  • F ∪ { Bird(tweety) }
  • None of the above
Answer :-

8. A KB is given below.

KB = { ∀x((Student(x) ∧ ¬Ab(x)) ⊃ LoveChemistry(x)),
∀x((Artist(x) ∨ Linguist(x)) ⊃ ¬LoveChemistry(x)),
Student(mandira), Student(shreya), Student(anisa),
mandira≠shreya, mandira≠anisa, shreya≠anisa,
Linguist(mandira), Artist(anisa) }

Which of the following sets have models in the KB?

  • ¬LoveChemistry={ }, LoveChemistry={anisa,shreya,mandira}
  • ¬LoveChemistry={anisa}, LoveChemistry={shreya, mandira}
  • ¬LoveChemistry ={mandira}, LoveChemistry ={anisa, shreya}
  • ¬LoveChemistry ={shreya}, LoveChemistry ={anisa, mandira}
  • ¬LoveChemistry ={anisa, mandira }, LoveChemistry ={shreya}
  • ¬LoveChemistry ={anisa, shreya}, LoveChemistry ={mandira}
  • ¬LoveChemistry ={shreya, mandira}, LoveChemistry ={anisa}
  • ¬LoveChemistry ={anisa, shreya, mandira}, LoveChemistry={ }
Answer :-

9. Identify the set of statements below that define a minimal model for circumscription on the given KB in the previous question.

  • Ab={ }, ¬Ab={anisa, shreya, mandira}
  • Ab={anisa}, ¬Ab={shreya, mandira}
  • Ab={mandira}, ¬Ab={anisa, shreya},
  • Ab={shreya}, ¬Ab={anisa, mandira}
  • Ab={anisa, mandira }, ¬Ab={shreya}
  • Ab={anisa, shreya}, ¬Ab={mandira}
  • Ab={shreya, mandira}, ¬Ab={anisa}
  • Ab={anisa, shreya, mandira}, ¬Ab={ }
Answer :-

10. Given the following KB:

1.) Birds (in general) fly.
2.) All penguins are birds that do not fly.
3.) Birds (in general) are not penguins.
4.) Peppy is a penguin.
5.) Tweety is a bird.

The problem Circumscription faces is __ .

  • It is unable to conclude that Peppy cannot fly
  • It needs the Flies predicate to be both fixed and variable
  • It needs the Penguin predicate to be both fixed and variable
  • It needs Bird predicate to be both fixed and variable
Answer :-

11. In autoepistemic logic __ .

  • The default assumptions are usually of the form ¬Bα.
  • The default assumptions are of the form Bα.
  • The new default beliefs about the world can be deduced from the default assumptions.
  • There is no notion of entailment using default assumptions.
Answer :-

12. Given a domain D which of the following can be an argument to a predicate of Event Calculus?

  • An element of the domain D.
  • A function from the domain D.
  • A fluent from the domain D.
  • An action defined for the domain D.
  • A variable or a constant of the type time.
Answer :-

13. If we want to say that John gave Mary the apple at time t1 in Event Calculus we say __ .

  • Give(John, apple, Mary, t1)
  • Gave(John, apple, Mary, t1)
  • Happens (Give(John, apple, Mary, t1))
  • Happens (Give(John, apple, Mary), t1)
Answer :-

14. If we want to say that when John gave Mary the apple at time 5 then Mary had the apple at time 6 in Event Calculus we say __ .

  • Give(John, apple, Mary, 5) ⊃ Have(Mary, apple, 6)
  • Have(Mary, apple, time=6)
  • Initiates(Give(John, apple, Mary), Has(Mary, apple), 5)
  • Initiates(Give(John, apple, Mary), Has(Mary, apple), 6)
Answer :-

15. Consider the following story “Sushma made a pie in the morning, left it on the table, and went to office. She came back home in the evening.” Which of the following is true?

  • One can conclude that the pie is on the table.
  • One can conclude with Circumscription that the pie is on the table.
  • There is no way that the pie will be on the table.
  • There is no way that the pie will not be on the table.
Answer :-

16. What is the Frame Problem in the context of Event Calculus?

  • The problem of deciding which fluents remain/become true at future time instances.
  • The problem of determining the effects of stochastic actions.
  • The problem of determining which actions are needed to make a fluent true.
  • None of the above.
Answer :-

17. An edge in the graphical representation of a Kripke structure is labelled by and signifies that ___.

  • an agent, both the possible worlds are indistinguishable by that agent
  • a world, both the agents consider the world possible
  • a proposition, the proposition is true in both the possible worlds
  • a proposition, the proposition is false in both the possible worlds
Answer :-

18. Let P stand for the statement “The policemen killed Mahsa”. What does the statement KNika¬KKian¬P represent?

  • Nika knows that Kian knows P.
  • Nika knows that Kian considers it possible that P.
  • Nika knows that Kian does not know P.
  • Nika does not know that Kian knows P.
Answer :-

19. Sulekha, Reena, and Amit each picks a card from a pack of cards. Reena showed her jack of spades to Sulekha. Which of the following are true?

  • Reena knows that Sulekha knows that Reena has the jack of spades.
  • Reena knows that Amit knows that Reena has the jack of spades.
  • Amit knows that Sulekha knows that Reena has the jack of spades.
  • Amit knows that Sulekha knows what card Reena holds.
  • Reena knows that Amit does not know that Sulekha knows what card Reena holds.
  • Reena knows that Amit does not know that Reena has the jack of spades.
Answer :-

20. There are 5 children Aman, Bindu, Charu, Deepti and Eshaan. Aman and Charu are muddy and the others are not muddy. The teacher announces that some children have a muddy forehead. What is the minimum number of times the teacher has to repeat the instruction “Those of you who have a muddy forehead please step forward” for someone to step forward?

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
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