NPTEL Artificial Intelligence: Knowledge Representation And Reasoning Week 7 Assignment Answers 2025
1. Select the valid proofs that apply the resolution rule correctly.
- Derivation 1
- Derivation 2
- Derivation 3
- Derivation 4
- Derivation 5
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2. Select the valid proofs that use the resolution refutation method.
- Derivation 1
- Derivation 2
- Derivation 3
- Derivation 4
- Derivation 5
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3. Which of these are valid SLD (Selective Linear Definite clause) resolutions?
- Derivation 1
- Derivation 2
- Derivation 3
- Derivation 4
- Derivation 5
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4. Select the true statements. Here, α is any formula.
- (α∨α)≡α;
- (α∧α)≡α;
- (α∨¬α)≡ ⊤; (⊤ is top symbol)
- (α∧¬α)≡⊥; (⊥ is bottom symbol)
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5. Select the correct statement(s).
- Negation in Prolog is the same as negation in FOL.
- Negation in Prolog is the same as negation in Horn clauses.
- Negation in Prolog represents a failure to solve a subgoal.
- All of the above.
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6. Select the correct statement(s).
- Cut operator is a declarative construct and therefore its placement does not impact the output of the program.
- Cut operator is a procedural construct and its placement may change the output of the program.
- Cut operator may prune the search tree, but it never prunes the solutions.
- All of the above.
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7. Which of the following is/are true in SWI Prolog?
- It is not possible to remove duplicate results from a query.
- The statement “table p/1 as subsumptive.” enables caching of results of goal “p(_)“.
- Tabling can be used to remove duplicate tuples in a predicate.
- None of the above.
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8. According to the KB, which of the following persons do not eat meat?
- joy
- may
- ray
- raz
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9. Which of the following queries return true?
- ?- r(joy).
- ?- r(may).
- ?- r(ray).
- ?- r(raz).
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10. Select the predicate(s) that correctly defines “persons who do not eat meat”.
- p(X)
- q(X)
- r(X)
- All of the above
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11. Select the correct definition for “food items not consumed by any entity”.
- food(F,), + eats(,F).
- food(F,X), + eats(X,F).
- + eats(,F), food(F,).
- All of the above.
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12. Study the following program using SWI Prolog, then answer the questions. Identify the type of cuts in the given Prolog program. The predicates foo/3 and bar/3 take two inputs (first two parameters) and return one output (the third parameter).
nat(0) :- !.
nat(s(X)) :- nat(X).
logical_or(true, _) :- !.
logical_or(false,true).
What type of cut is present in nat/1?
- Red cut.
- Green cut.
- Need more information to determine the type of cuts.
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13. What type of cut is present in logical_or/2?
- Red cut.
- Green cut.
- Need more information to determine the type of cuts.
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14. Which of the following categories are represented as rules in the Rete Net?
- Applicants with a graduate degree.
- Government employed applicants.
- Government employed non-smoking applicants.
- Unemployed applicants who smoke heavily.
- Highschool educated unemployed applicants who smoke heavily.
- Woman applicants who are self-employed.
- Woman applicants with a graduate degree.
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15. Any woman applicant with a graduate degree and employed in the government and with no smoking habit will qualify under which of the following categories that are represented as rules in the Rete Net?
- Applicants with a graduate degree.
- Government employed applicants.
- Government employed non-smoking applicants.
- Unemployed applicants who smoke heavily.
- Highschool educated unemployed applicants who smoke heavily.
- Woman applicants who are self-employed.
- Woman applicants with a graduate degree.
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16. In a Rete Net, repeated firings of rules on the same WMEs is prevented ________ .
- by adding conditions to the rules
- by the production system
- by selecting one rule-data tuple per rule and deleting the conflicting rule-data tuples for that rule
- by deleting the WMEs that participated in a rule firing
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17. In the Rete Net, find the locations (alpha nodes) where the WME 302 resides.
Enter the labels of the alpha nodes as a comma separated list in ascending order. Enter NIL if the token has no location in the network.
Answer format: A1,A2,A11,A21
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18. In the first round, which of the following rule-data tuples will be present in the conflict set?
- R1,302,304,310
- R2,303,306,308,312
- R2,301,303,306,309
- R3,305,312
- R4,307,312
- R4,302,307
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19. If SPECIFICITY is used as the conflict resolution strategy, then which rule will fire?
- R1,302,304,310
- R2,303,306,308,312
- R2,301,303,306,309
- R3,305,312
- R4,307,312
- R4,302,307
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20. If RECENCY is used as the conflict resolution strategy, then which rule will fire?
- R1,302,304,310
- R2,303,306,308,312
- R2,301,303,306,309
- R3,305,312
- R4,307,312
- R4,302,307
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