NPTEL Artificial Intelligence: Knowledge Representation And Reasoning Week 9 Assignment Answers 2025
1. What do you recall about the description language ALC?
- ALC stands for Attributive Language with Complement.
- ALC provides variable-free notation for writing concept descriptions.
- ALC concept denotes a set of individuals.
- ALC role is a binary relation between individuals from the domain of interest.
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2. Which of the following denote concepts in DL language?
- ¬(Citizen ⊔ Migrant)
- (hasFriend o citizenOf) ⊑ friendsCountry
- Mammal ⊑ Animal ⊑ LivingThing
- ⊤ (top symbol)
- Voter ⊓ Commissioner
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3. Which of the following can be expressed as AL concepts?
- ≥2 owns.Phone
- ¬(Citizen ⊔ Migrant)
- ∃hasChild.Doctor ⊑ ∃consults.Doctor
- ∀hasFriend.American
- ∃hasFriend.American
- ¬(Voter ⊓ Commissioner)
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4. Which of the following are ALC concepts?
- ≥2 owns.Phone
- ¬(Citizen ⊔ Migrant)
- ∃hasChild.Doctor ⊑ ∃consults.Doctor
- ∀hasFriend.American
- ∃hasFriend.American
- ¬(Voter ⊓ Commissioner)
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5. Which of the following are ALC axioms?
- Citizen ⊑ ¬Migrant
- (Citizen ⊔ Migrant) ⊑ (≤1 has.Passport)
- (∃hasFriend.⊤) ⊑ (∃trusts.Self)
- Migrant ≡ ∃has.¬Aadhar
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6. Which of the following are ALC assertions?
- (≤1 won.WorldChampionshipTitle)(Gukesh)
- (¬(Citizen ⊔ Migrant))(Carlsen)
- hasMentor(Gukesh,Anand)
- ∃won.Game ⊑ ∃played.Game
- (WorldChampion ⊓ SchoolStudent)(Gukesh)
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7. Which of the following concept hierarchies correctly model the real world situation? Here, the notation (A ⊑ B ⊑ C) is used as a short form for ((A ⊑ B) ⊓ (B ⊑ C)).
(Hint: use the properties of members of a class to crosscheck subsumptions.)
- JuniorManager ⊑ Manager ⊑ Employee
- Lion ⊑ Mammal ⊑ Animal
- SalesManager ⊑ Manager ⊑ Employee
- SeaLion ⊑ Lion ⊑ Animal
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8. The negation normal form of { [ (∃R.C) ⊓ (∀R.C) ] ⊑ ¬∀S.∃R.D } is _______________ .
- (∃R.C) ⊓ (∀R.C) ⊓ ∀S.∃R.D
- (∃R.C) ⊓ (∀R.C) ⊓ ∃S.∀R.¬D
- (∀R.C) ⊔ (∃R.C) ⊔ ∃S.∀R.¬D
- (∀R.¬C) ⊔ (∃R.¬C) ⊔ ∃S.∀R.¬D
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9. Citizens are disjoint from migrants.
- (Citizen ⊓ Migrant) ⊑ ⊥
- Citizen ⊑ ¬Migrant
- Migrant ⊑ ¬Citizen
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10. Citizens and migrants cannot be applicants.
- (Applicant ⊑ ¬Citizen) ⊓ (Applicant ⊑ ¬Migrant)
- Applicant ⊑ ¬(Citizen ⊔ Migrant)
- (Citizen ⊔ Migrant) ⊑ ¬Applicant
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11. Our employees are citizens and migrants.
- (Employee ⊑ Citizen) ⊓ (Employee ⊑ Migrant)
- (Employee ⊑ Citizen) ⊔ (Employee ⊑ Migrant)
- Employee ⊑ (Citizen ⊔ Migrant)
- Employee ⊑ (Citizen ⊓ Migrant)
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12. Migrants have no aadhar numbers.
- Migrant ⊑ ∃has.¬AadharNumber
- Migrant ⊑ ∀has.¬AadharNumber
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13. Those who have a friend who has passports and aadhar-numbers.
- ∃hasFriend.∃has.(Passport ⊓ AadharNumber)
- ∃hasFriend.((∃has.Passport) ⊓ (∃has.AadharNumber))
- (∃hasFriend.∃has.Passport) ⊓ (∃hasFriend.∃has.AadharNumber)
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14. Select the correct statement(s).
- KB ⊨ { (∃operatesOn.Person)(Amy) }
- KB ⊨ { (∃operatesOn.Man)(Amy) }
- All of the above.
- None of the above.
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15. Select the correct statement(s).
- KB ⊨ { (∀operatesOn.Person)(Amy) }
- KB ⊨ { (∀operatesOn.Man)(Amy) }
- All of the above.
- None of the above.
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16. Select the correct statement(s).
- KB ⊨ { Doctor(Amy) }
- KB ⊭ { Doctor(Amy) }
- KB ⊨ { Surgeon(Amy) }
- KB ⊭ { Surgeon(Amy) }
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17. Select the correct statement(s).
- KB ⊨ { Surgeon ⊑ Doctor }
- KB ⊭ { Surgeon ⊑ Doctor }
- None of the above.
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18. The motivation for choosing a small set of predicates in an approach like the Conceptual Dependency theory is ________________ .
- that one must define rules to operate on predicates, and one wants to keep the number of rules to a minimum
- there are only a small set of predicates that are dependent upon concepts
- a small set of predicates is easier to remember
- a small set of predicates can be stored in a text file
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19. Which of the following programs were written by the Yale group working with Roger Schank?
- FRUMP
- MARGIE
- RETE NET
- TRUMP
- QUALM
- SLD RESOLUTION
- BORIS
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20. The Conceptual Dependency (CD) theory is _______________ .
- a representation scheme based on a small set of predicate names
- an attempt to identify a small set of actions for every day world
- an attempt to represent the meaning of natural language words
- a study of the etymology of English language words
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