NPTEL Edge Computing Week 6 Assignment Answers 2025
1. Which algorithm can synchronize clocks in a distributed system using a master process to average offsets?
- Christian’s Algorithm
- NTP
- Berkley’s Algorithm
- DTP
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2. What problem is solved by using logical clocks in distributed systems?
- Message loss recovery
- Event ordering across processes
- Reducing memory usage
- Faster message transmission
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3. What does the term “external synchronization” imply in distributed systems?
- All clocks are synchronized to a single external reference
- Clocks are synchronized relative to each other
- Clocks are not synchronized
- Each process maintains its local time independently
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4. Which relationship between events is established by Lamport Timestamps?
- Happens-before relationship
- Total ordering
- Concurrent event relationship
- Absolute event timing
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5. What is the maximum drift between two clocks if each has a maximum drift rate of 5 ms per second?
- 5 ms
- 10 ms
- 15 ms
- 20 ms
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6. Which protocol is widely used for clock synchronization in distributed systems?
- FTP
- FTTP
- NTP
- TCP
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7. What rule does Lamport Timestamps use for assigning timestamps to events in the same process?
- The timestamp is incremented by 2 for each event
- The timestamp is always set to 1
- The timestamp is decremented by 1 for each event
- The timestamp is incremented by 1 for each event
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8. Which technology does Google’s B4 use for traffic engineering?
- MPLS
- Software-defined networking (SDN)
- Virtual LAN
- Internet Protocol (IP)
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9. What is the main purpose of vector timestamps in distributed systems?
- To detect and manage concurrent events
- To synchronize physical clocks
- To replace logical clocks
- To reduce network latency
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10. Which of the following algorithms is used for external time synchronization in distributed systems?
- Berkeley Algorithm
- Lamport Timestamps
- Paxos
- Christian’s Algorithm
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